NEURACUSIS

A. De Caria* - M. Monici**

* MD – Auris Medical Center - Mantova

** MD – ENT Department, Hospital "C. Poma" - Mantova


Introduction

Neuracusis is a new coined term derived from the Greek language (νεῦρον - nervous and ἀκοή - hearing), introduced by Dr. A. De Caria to describe a spectrum of symptoms including tinnitus, hyperacusis, phonophobia, and misophonia. Beyond peripheral auditory dysfunction, neuracusis involves cortical regions, particularly the limbic system, which are responsible for the complexity of the symptomatology and associated manifestations such as anxiety, stress, insomnia, social withdrawal, and related functional impairments. Conditions that can significantly impact patients’ quality of life. Neuracusis is a spectrum of auditory disorders characterized by altered sound perception not only attributable to peripheral auditory dysfunction.  This innovative concept highlights the role of cortical and emotional network modulation in sound perception.

Main Symptoms

- Tinnitus: perception of inexistent sounds, such as ringing or buzzing, often associated with stress, insomnia, and concentration difficulties.

- Hyperacusis: heightened sensitivity to normal tolerable sounds, causing discomfort or pain.

- Phonophobia: fear or intense anxiety toward specific sounds or noisy environments, leading to avoidance behaviors.

- Misophonia: negative emotional reactions to sounds produced by others, such as chewing or breathing, often accompanied by irritability or anxiety.

Neurobiological Mechanisms

Neuracusis emphasizes the complex interaction between the central auditory system and emotional networks:

Cortical plasticity: reorganization of primary and associative auditory areas;

Limbic integration: amygdala, insula, and anterior cingulate, modulate emotional responses to sound;

Sensory gating dysregulation: reduced filtering of irrelevant stimuli, amplifying sounds perception;

Top-down influence: anxiety and cognitive expectations intensify symptom experience.

Clinical and Therapeutic Implications

Neuracusis requires a multidisciplinary approach:

- Comprehensive audiological evaluation (in selected cases imaging)

- Counselling and sound therapy.

- Cognitive-behavioral therapy for anxiety and emotional regulation. 

- Hypnosis and relaxation techniques

- Sound desensitization techniques and psychological support.

- In select cases, targeted pharmacological interventions.

Conclusion

Neuracusis (A. De Caria, 2025) represents an innovative paradigm in understanding auditory disorders, emphasizing the interaction between sensory perception, cortical plasticity, and emotional modulation. This integrated approach offers new perspectives for diagnosis and treatment, improving patients’ quality of life.

Bibliography:

- De Caria A. Counselling e ipnosi nel trattamento dell'acufene invalidante. Rivista Medica di Psicoterapia e Ipnosi 2008; Anno XX: vol. 11, 171-183

- Cuda D, De Caria A, et Al. Acufeni: Diagnosi e Terapia. Quaderni Monografici di Aggiornamento Associazione Otorinolaringoiatri Ospedalieri Italiani 2004.

- Cuda D, De Caria A, Mochi P. Acufeni: Razionale di Terapia. In: Terapia medica in Otorinolaringoiatria. A cura di P. Pisani. Quaderni Monografici di Aggiornamento AOOI 2010.

-       Cuda D. De Caria A. Monici M. Sordità monolaterale o asimmetrica e acufeni: approcci riabilitativi. OnMedicine Anno XII, N. 1, marzo 2019

- De Caria A. Misofonia: che cos’è e come si cura. OnMedicine Anno VIII, N. 1, marzo 2024; pag. 6 - 11. ISSN 2239-6470

-       De Caria A. La plasticità cerebrale in ambito audiologico e vestibolare nell’adulto e nell’anziano. Relazione al XXXIX Congresso Nazionale Società Italiana di Vestibologia - Pisa 9/12 novembre 2023

-      De Caria A. Acufeni, Misofonia, Fonofobia: un approccio alternativo. Relazione e atti del XXII Congresso Nazionale AIOLP – Palermo 3/5 ottobre 2024

-      De Caria A. ACUFENI, FONOFOBIA, MISOFONIA: una guida pratica al trattamento. Relazione e atti del XXIII Congresso Nazionale AIOLP – Riccione 15/18 ottobre 2025 


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